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Kaiser Crater is a crater in the Noachis quadrangle of Mars, located at 46.6° S and 340.9° W. It is 207 km wide and was named after Frederik Kaiser, a Dutch astronomer (1808–1872). Debris flows have been observed on some of the dunes in this crater. Some researchers believe that they may be caused by liquid water. Liquid water could be stable for short periods of time in the summer in the southern hemisphere of Mars. These gully-like debris flows may be due to small amounts of ice melting.〔Reiss, D, R. Jaumann. 2003. Recent debris flows on Mars: Seasonal observations of the Russelll Crater dune field. Geophysical Research Letters: 30, 1321.〕 File:Kaiser crater p111.jpg|Viking Orbiter image of Kaiser Image:Kaiser Crater.jpg|Detail of south wall of Kaiser Crater, daytime infrared, imaged by the Thermal Emission Imaging System on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter. Image:Kaiser Crater - color altimetry - barchan dune.jpg|Digital terrain model of a barchan dune in Kaiser Crater showing slip face avalanche features. ==Why are Craters important?== The density of impact craters is used to determine the surface ages of Mars and other solar system bodies.〔http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/〕 The older the surface, the more craters present. Crater shapes can reveal the presence of ground ice. The area around craters may be rich in minerals. On Mars, heat from the impact melts ice in the ground. Water from the melting ice dissolves minerals, and then deposits them in cracks or faults that were produced with the impact. This process, called hydrothermal alteration, is a major way in which ore deposits are produced. The area around Martian craters may be rich in useful ores for the future colonization of Mars.〔http://www.indiana.edu/~sierra/papers/2003/Patterson.html.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaiser (crater)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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